新化—城步地区泥盆纪沉积相及台盆演化     

刘五一 《湖南地质》1991,(3)

新化—城步地区泥盆纪沉积相类型较丰富,可划分7个相组、17个相。最突出的特征是在两个碳酸盐台地之间发育有一较深水的盆地,即台盆。西部的碳酸盐台地与台盆之间的边缘无明显的陡坡,属于J.F.Read所称的碳酸盐等斜缓坡。区内沉积相,尤其是在棋梓桥晚期——佘田桥期,大体上呈北北东向展布。构成这一特殊沉积格局的主要原因是该区沉积相受加里东运动期间形成的基底断裂控制。区内台盆演化可分为初始台盆、台盆扩展、台盆稳定、台盆最大扩展、台盆收缩变浅、台盆残余凹陷等六个阶段。  相似文献   

川东北前陆盆地须家河组层序-岩相古地理特征   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24  

高红灿  郑荣才  柯光明  文华国 《沉积与特提斯地质》2005,25(3):38-45

根据控制高分辨率层序的构造和天文因素将川东北前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期划分为2个超长期、5个长期、18个中期及数十个短期旋回层序,并分析了须家河组超长期层序的岩相古地理特征与演化.在SLSC1超长期旋回时期,米仓山-大巴山构造山系尚处于低幅稳定隆升状态,而龙门山构造山系的逆冲推覆作用较为活跃,川东北前陆盆地属于受龙门山逆冲推覆作用远端效应影响的前陆斜坡,沿米仓山-大巴山前缘地带主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积,而盆地西南部主要发育浅湖沉积.在SLSC2超长期旋回时期,龙门山逆冲推覆进一步增强,同时,米仓山-大巴山开始进入逆冲推覆前的强烈构造隆升阶段,川东北前陆盆地有较大幅度的持续拗陷沉降,在继承SLSC1古地理演化的基础上,形成了以沿龙门山和米仓山-大巴山两逆冲推覆带前缘广泛发育的、以巨厚块状砾岩为特征的大型冲积扇沉积体系.  相似文献   

Cyclicity in the nearshore marine to coastal, Lower Permian, Pebbley Beach Formation, southern Sydney Basin, Australia: a record of relative sea-level fluctuations at the close of the Late Palaeozoic Gondwanan ice age     

CHRISTOPHER R. FIELDING  KERRIE L. BANN†  JAMES A. MACEACHERN‡  STUART C. TYE§  BRIAN G. JONES¶ 《Sedimentology》2006,53(2):435-463

The Lower Permian (Artinskian to Sakmarian) Pebbley Beach Formation (PBF) of the southernmost Sydney Basin in New South Wales, Australia, records sediment accumulation in shallow marine to coastal environments at the close of the Late Palaeozoic Gondwanan ice age. This paper presents a sequence stratigraphic re‐evaluation of the upper half of the unit based on the integration of sedimentology and ichnology. Ten facies are recognized, separated into two facies associations. Facies Association A (seven facies) comprises variably bioturbated siltstones and sandstones with marine body fossils, interpreted as recording sediment accumulation in open marine environments ranging from lower offshore to middle shoreface water depths. Evidence of deltaic influence is seen in several Association A facies. Facies Association B (three facies) comprises mainly heterolithic, interlaminated and thinly interbedded sandstone and siltstone with some thicker intervals of dark grey, organic‐rich mudstone, some units clearly filling incised channel forms. These facies are interpreted as the deposits of estuarine channels and basins. Throughout the upper half of the formation, erosion surfaces with several metres relief abruptly separate open marine facies of Association A (below) from estuarine facies of Association B (above). Vertical facies changes imply significant basinward shift of environment across these surfaces, and lowering of relative sea level in the order of 50 m. These surfaces can be traced over several kilometres along depositional strike, and are defined as sequence boundaries. On this basis, at least nine sequences have been recognized in the upper half of the formation, each of which is < 10 m thick, condensed, incomplete and top‐truncated. Sequences contain little if any record of the lowstand systems tract, a more substantial transgressive systems tract and a highstand systems tract that is erosionally truncated (or in some cases, missing). This distinctive stacking pattern (which suggests a dominance of retrogradation and progradation over aggradation) and the implied relative sea‐level drop across sequence boundaries of tens of metres are remarkably similar to some other studies of continental margin successions formed under the Neogene icehouse climatic regime. Accordingly, it is suggested that the stratigraphic architecture of the PBF was a result of an Icehouse climate regime characterized by repeated, high‐amplitude cycles of relative sea‐level change.  相似文献   

Interplay between shoreline migration paths, architecture and pinchout distance for siliciclastic shoreline tongues: evidence from the rock record     

TORE M. LØSETH  RON J. STEEL†  JEFF P. CRABAUGH‡  MAIJA SCHELLPEPER‡ 《Sedimentology》2006,53(4):735-767

Facies, geometry and key internal stratigraphic surfaces from eight Cretaceous and Eocene clastic shoreline tongues have been documented. The regressive parts of all the studied tongues represent storm‐wave influenced strandplains, deltas or fan‐deltas, and the regressive shoreline trajectories varied from descending to ascending. The transgressive parts of the tongues are dominated by either estuarine or coastal‐plain deposits. The distance from the coeval, up‐dip non‐marine deposits to the basinward pinchout of amalgamated shoreface sandstones, measured along depositional dip, is here termed the sand pinchout distance. The study shows that the angle of regressive‐to‐transgressive turnaround (defined by the angle between the regressive and subsequent transgressive shoreline trajectories) and the process regime during turnaround largely control the sand‐pinchout distance. The amount of transgressive erosion can also partly control the pinchout distance, but this parameter was comparable for the different examples presented here. If the type of depositional system at turnaround and the depth of transgressive erosion are constant, small angles of turnaround are associated with large pinchout distances, whereas larger angles of turnaround result in smaller pinchout distances. The model developed allows sand‐pinchout distance to be predicted, using data for the landward parts of shoreline tongues. The dataset also shows that steeply rising (aggrading) shoreline trajectories tend to produce more heterolithic sandstone tongues than those formed by lower‐angle trajectories.  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate-evaporite succession (Zechstein 1, Hessian Basin, Germany)     

FRANK BECKER  THILO BECHSTÄDT 《Sedimentology》2006,53(5):1083-1120

The evaporitic Hessian Zechstein Basin is a sub‐basin of the Southern Zechstein Basin, situated at its southern margin. Twelve facies groups were identified in the Zechstein Limestone and Lower Werra Anhydrite in order to better understand the sequence‐stratigraphic evolution of this sub‐basin, which contains economically important potassium salts. Four different paleogeographic depositional areas were recognized based on the regional distribution of facies. Siliciclastic‐carbonate, carbonate, carbonate‐evaporite and evaporite shallowing‐upward successions are developed. These allow the establishment of parasequences and sequences, as well as correlation throughout the Hessian Basin and into the Southern Zechstein Basin. Two depositional sequences are distinguished, Zechstein sequence 1 and Zechstein sequence 2. The former comprises the succession from the Variscan basement up to the lowermost part of the Werra Anhydrite, including the Kupferschiefer as part of the transgressive systems tract. The highstand systems tract is defined by the Zechstein Limestone, in which two parasequences are developed. In large parts of the Hessian Basin, Zechstein sequence 1 is capped by a karstic, subaerial exposure surface, interpreted as recording a type‐1 sequence boundary that formed during a distinct brine level fall. Low‐lying central areas (Central Hessian Sub‐basin, Werra Sub‐basin), however, were not exposed and show a correlative conformity. Topography was minimal at the end of sequence 1. Widely developed perilittoral, sabkha and salina shallowing‐upward successions indicate a renewed rise of brine level (interpreted as a transgressive systems tract), because of inflow of preconcentrated brines from the Southern Zechstein Basin to the north. This marks the initiation of Zechstein sequence 2, which comprises most of the Lower Werra Anhydrite. In the Central Hessian Sub‐basin, situated proximal to the brine inflow and on the ridges within the Hessian Basin, physico‐chemical conditions were well suited for sulphate precipitation to form a thick cyclic succession. It consists of four parasequences that completely filled the increased accommodation space. In contrast, only minor sulphate accumulation occurred in the Werra Sub‐basin, situated further southwards and distal to the inflow. As a result of substantially different sulphate precipitation rates during increased accommodation, water depth in the region became more variable. The Werra Sub‐basin, characterized by very low sedimentation rates, became increasingly deeper through time, trapping dense halite brines and precipitating rock salt deposits (Werra Halite). This ‘self‐organization’ model for an evaporitic basin, in which depositional relief evolves with sedimentation and relief is filled by evaporite thereafter, contradicts earlier interpretations, that call upon the existence of a tectonic depression in the Werra area, which controlled sedimentation from the beginning of the Zechstein.  相似文献   

Object Models with Vector Steering     

Ragnar Hauge  Anne Randi Syversveen  Alister Macdonald 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(1):17-32

Object models are widely used to model the distribution of facies in a reservoir. Several computer programs exist for modelling fluvial channels or more general facies objects. This paper focuses on a marked point model with objects that are able to orient locally according to a vector field. In this way, objects with locally varying curvature are created. With this kind of objects it is possible to model complex depositional basins, that are not easily modelled with conventional methods. The new object type is called Backbone objects. The objects have a piecewise linear centerline and are able to follow the direction of a three-dimensional vector field locally in lateral and vertical direction. How well the objects follow the vector field is determined by three parameters. Use of different coordinate systems and mapping between the systems make it possible to generate Gaussian random fields that follow the shape and direction of the objects. The Gaussian fields can be used to model petrophysical variables, which is important for fluid flow modelling.  相似文献   

河北平原曲流河沉积特征及其模式     

何乃华  朱宣清 《地理研究》1991,(1)

本文研究了河流沉积构造、结构、石英颗粒表面特征和沉积相特征,并提出组成曲流点坝标志的两个重要要素及沉积模式。有助于认识古代岩相中点坝层序和对此模式。  相似文献   

中天山马鞍桥石炭纪沉积特征及构造意义   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

殷勇  董玉珊  高长林  江建春  范小林 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):100-106

出露于中天山马鞍桥、巴仑台北的石炭纪地层属于大塘阶晚期至威宁期碳酸盐和碎屑岩的混合沉积。沉积特征和微量元素标志显示该套地层主体为潮坪-泻湖相沉积,仅顶部为河湖相沉积。砂岩的元素地球化学特征以及骨架颗粒的百分含量均显示,该套地层的蚀源区为岛弧火山岩系和中酸性花岗岩系的中天山微板块。有足够的证据表明该套地层形成于中天山微板块与南天山弧后盆地碰撞的挤压背景,即前陆盆地中,构造和海平面变化是该套充填物的主要控制因素。  相似文献   

西南煤系地层软岩地区坡麓相斜坡软土特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卿三惠  黄润秋 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(2):53-57

在我国西南内昆、株六、水柏及六盘水枢纽等铁路勘察与施工中,在煤系地层软岩地区的山麓斜坡上常遇到一种特殊罕见的"坡麓相斜坡软土"(笔者简称),它是"陆相的饱水堆积物"而非"水相的水下沉积物"。这种土的物理力学特征与一般软土相似,同样具有天然含水量高(但一般不大于液限)、孔隙比大、高压缩性、低强度性、流变性、触变性等特点,并具有弱—中等膨胀性;常隐蔽于山麓斜坡地表较厚的硬壳层之下,非钻探或开挖揭露难以发现,且具有不连续、透镜状或鸡窝状分布、厚度变化较大、底部横坡较陡等特点;最突出的工程地质问题是天然地基的不均匀性及非稳定性,对工程的危害较大。工程施工中常发生路堤基底滑移沉陷、路堑边坡滑坡与坍塌、桥涵地基承载力不足、基坑边坡溜坍等地质灾害或工程病害,整治难度较大。笔者结合工程实例,系统论述西南煤系地层软岩地区坡麓相斜坡软土的分布、成因、定义、分类、物理力学特征及其工程特性,并对其命名问题进行探讨,对指导工程实践,防止工程病害具有重要意义。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地宽方位角三维地震应用效果分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭文利  仲伟军  杨迪生  支东明 《新疆地质》2005,23(2):173-178

宽方位角采集比窄方位角具有更好的地震照明度.宽方位角三维地震以其多方位视角高分辨率成像数据之优势、识别储层的各向异性能力强,能提高薄层砂体和小断裂的识别精度.针对准噶尔盆地某区块储层非均质性强、单层砂体薄(单层10-15 m,有效储层<10 m)、砂岩层平面变化大的特点,新疆油田分公司实施宽方位角三维地震高分辨勘探.通过运用地震属性、反演等地震技术,结合沉积环境分析和沉积演化研究,开展岩性圈闭识别和储层预测工作, 识别出有效的砂岩层(储集体),达到预测目的,取得了很好的勘探效果.  相似文献